Centuries of exclusion have resulted in a tangible human diversity deficit, where the diversity of oceanographers does not represent the global diversity of people impacted by ocean processes.

Development of offshore wind (OSW) farms in the United States while minimizing impacts to fishery resources is a common goal of state and federal government agencies, environmental interest groups, and fisheries organizations.

Effects of offshore wind farm (OSW) development in the US on fishery resources have been predicted based on European experience. A sevenyear study of the first US OSW documented the response of demersal fish and invertebrates to construction and operation.