Sound Source, Propagation, and Mitigation Modelling

Acoustic source and propagation modelling predict how sound is generated underwater and simulate how sound travels through marine environments.

By accurately characterizing the source and how energy propagates, developers gain clearer risk insight, better mitigation design, and stronger permitting confidence.

Offshore construction generates complex acoustic and vibroacoustic energy that travels through both water and seabed sediments. Simplified models can over- or under-predict impacts, leading to unnecessary mitigation or regulatory delay. By accurately characterizing the source and how energy propagates, developers gain clearer risk insight, better mitigation design, and stronger permitting confidence.

VAST: Vibroacoustic Analysis and Simulation Tool

VAST is Venterra’s 3D physics-based Vibroacoustic Analysis Simulation Tool, engineered to model sound and vibration as they travel through air, water, and layered seabed sediments. By resolving coupled acoustic–elastic pathways across all media, VAST reveals how energy truly propagates—providing the clarity needed to determine which mitigation measures will work, and why.

Sound Sources We Model

Construction & Development
  • Foundation Installation: Impact pile driving (monopiles, jacket pin piles, sheet piles), vibratory piling, drilled/socketed foundations.
  • Geophysical Surveys
  • Subsea Infrastructure: Cable & pipeline installation (trenching, jetting, ploughing).
  • Site Preparation: UXO clearance, controlled underwater explosives.
  • Dredging & Excavation: Cutter suction, trailing suction hopper dredging, seabed mineral harvesting tools.

 

Operational & Long-Term Source
  • Energy Production: Wind turbine operational vibration.
  • Extraction Activities: Vertical transport systems (risers), seabed mineral processing units.
  • Vessel Dynamics: Operations and maintenance (O&M) traffic, dynamic positioning (DP) thruster noise, large-scale transport shipping.
  • Decommissioning: Mechanical cutting, abrasive water jets, structural removal explosives.

Advanced Sediment-Coupled Propagation Modelling

Most offshore noise models simplify the seabed. We do not. Our physics-based modelling resolves how sound and vibration move through layered sediments—capturing pressure, particle motion, and seabed stress in realistic shelf environments. Because sediment structure controls how energy propagates, this directly improves exposure predictions, mitigation design, and regulatory confidence.

Animation showing an acoustic simluation comparison of vibratory versus impact pile driving during WTG monopile installation.

Related Projects

PUREWIND Operational Noise Modelling

INSPIRE’s marine acoustics experts performed acoustic modeling of example sound sources that are used throughout the life cycle of offshore wind farm development, with a particular emphasis on operational turbine noise.

Related Projects

Offshore Wind Sediment-borne Vibrations

INSPIRE is engaging with partners across academia, industry, and government to simulate the generation and propagation of sediment-borne waves generated by offshore pile driving operations and investigate their impacts on benthic ecosystems.

Related Projects

CAPE Holland Vibroacoustic Modelling

INSPIRE is working with Cape Holland to develop simulations of the sound field resulting from vibratory pile installation and investigate the extent of noise-induced behavioral responses in marine mammals compared to impact-hammer pile installation.

Service Highlights

Advanced Acoustic Modelling Capabilities

Source Characterization & Spectral Modelling
We define how offshore activities produce sound—how loud it is, what frequencies it contains, and how it radiates—so our modelling reflects real-world construction conditions.
Advanced Pile Driving & Foundation Modelling
3D physics-based finite element modelling of impact, vibratory, and drilled foundations—capturing real hammer energies, foundation geometries, and installation methods.
Sediment-Coupled Propagation
Integrated vibroacoustic modelling through air, water, and layered seabed sediments to resolve pressure, particle motion, and seabed stress.
Mitigation & Attenuation Evaluation
Quantitative assessment of bubble curtains, hydro sound dampers, alternative installation methods, and sequencing strategies to determine what mitigation will actually work.
Environmental & Oceanographic Integration
Incorporation of bathymetry, sediment stratigraphy, temperature, salinity, and range-dependent geoacoustic properties to improve exposure prediction accuracy.
Digital Twin & Sound Field Visualization
Interactive 3D sound field mapping and scenario testing to support regulatory consultation, EIA documentation, and confident pre-construction decision-making.
Related Resources

Explore our services further

Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates

A workgroup of the 2020 State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy identified studies for the next five years to help stakeholders better understand potential cumulative biological impacts of sound and vibration to fishes and aquatic invertebrates as the offshore wind industry develops.

Venterra Group launches new market leading Marine Acoustics services for offshore wind industry

Venterra Group, the global offshore wind services company, has today announced the launch of its expanded marine acoustics offering, underpinned by the expert capabilities of its Engineering companies INSPIRE Environmental, Gavin & Doherty Geosolutions (GDG), and Partrac.

We provide trusted expert support with a proven track record of success

Interested in Sound Field Modelling?

Contact INSPIRE Environmental today for additional information about our services.